Singapore-based Malaysia-Singapore Airlines (MSA) was founded in 1966 as the joint national carrier of the Federation of Malaysia and the Republic of Singapore. Flights within Asia, as well as to Europe, the Middle East, and Oceania, were operated from hubs at Paya Lebar and Subang. The bi-national carrier lasted until 1972, when MSA ceased operations and was furthermore split into two carriers: Malaysia Airlines and Singapore Airlines – Stephan J. Cox